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Major study shows resilience of Maldives reefs
US-based research group Coral Reef CPR, which has been studying a multitude of locations throughout the Maldives, has reported that some regions have demonstrated a remarkable resilience to elevated water temperatures, whereas others have been subjected to stress from other causes.
Bleaching in the Maldives was first reported in 2015, but most areas rebounded quickly. As the unusual weather patterns associated with an El Niño event persisted throughout 2015 and worsened in 2016, reefs bleached again. Coral Reef CPR measured the temperatures at a depth of 10 metres in lagoon, channel and outer reefs on Baa atoll and South Male Atoll, and found them to be abnormally high and steadily increasing between March and April that year.
Radshoo Atoll showing a high coral cover in August 2016.
Temperatures on exposed outer reefs ranged from 32-33° C, while lagoon reefs climbed to 35° C and higher, which was 2-5° C above the normal annual maximum. Using a highly accurate Castaway CTD (hand-held, deployable temperature metre), the team also measured temperature profiles from the surface to 40 metres of depth which showed a complete breakdown of cooler deep currents and absence of a thermocline. They reported that at the same time, “the surface of the sea was like glass and the water was gin clear,” allowing for a greater penetration of harmful UV radiation. “Together,” wrote Dr Andrew Bruckner of Coral CPR, “these conditions were a recipe for disaster.”
According to their research, Coral Reef CPR found that bleaching of the most sensitive corals started in March 2016, and by mid-April entire shallow reef systems throughout the country were stark white. Some corals resisted bleaching initially, especially the massive boulder corals such as Porites, but the water continued to warm. By the time the summer monsoon finally kicked in during mid-May, nearly every coral was either fully bleached or a vivid fluorescent colouration (yellow, purple, red or blue) as the coral animal produced photo-protective pigments to shield its tissue from too much sunlight.
Bleached coral can recover if environmental conditions return to normal relatively quickly, but the prolonged duration of the 2016 bleaching event overwhelmed many of the more sensitive species. Shallow lagoon reefs, reef flat and reef crest communities above five metres of depth sustained catastrophic losses, with up to 80 to 95 percent loss of coral in the hardest hit areas, particularly the dominant branching and table acroporids.
To gain more insight on the country-wide extent of bleaching impacts, Coral Reef CPR surveyed more than 80 reefs on eight different atolls in central and northern Maldives. While most emergent reefs in both fore reef and lagoon areas had become “a graveyard of coral skeletons” by August 2016, not all reefs were equally affected and even the hardest hit areas had survivors.
Acropora species at a ‘coral refuge’ in South Male, August 2017.
Pocillopora, another common form of branching coral, showed a higher survival rate in the shallow reef flats losing between 50 to 75 per cent of its cover – a large percentage, but significantly lower than other species. Other reefs throughout the country, especially those in outer exposed areas and submerged deep reefs which were dominated by massive boulder corals as opposed to the more fragile acroporids, lost between 10 to 20 percent of their corals, a much higher rate of survival.
Although initial observations suggested that the situation was ‘ominous’, Coral Reef CPR found that a more detailed examination of the reefs yielded a number of positive surprises. Of particular significance were individual colonies of certain species that failed to bleach, despite being located adjacent to other colonies that had fully bleached. Some of the corals produced vivid fluorescent pigments, which appeared to offer protection to these colonies.
The team found that some reefs provided a refuge from the bleaching, with high numbers of surviving corals on channel reefs and submerged reefs, known locally as thillas, where there is much more water movement. Coral mortality was also found to be reduced on outer reefs that are exposed to high wave action. These areas still lost most of their branching and table corals, but they are dominated by boulder corals, especially massive Porites corals which are much slower-growing and tend to be long-lived, with some colonies estimated to be between 500 and 1000 years in age. Although many of these larger corals appeared to lose some tissue, very few of them actually died, and the team began to see signs of tissue recovery, observing that all the reefs considered to be bleaching “refuges” had high numbers of boulder corals as well as the more fragile branching and plating acroporids.
Many of the Maldives’ atolls, especially on their western side, have small islands that contain their own lagoon, forming a structure that resembles a micro-atoll. These lagoons tend to be fairly shallow at only 5-15 metre deep, and the sandy bottom is covered with hundreds of small coral bommies and patch reefs. These areas often support unique, unusually large boulder, plating or foliaceous (leaf-like) corals that form the framework of the reef and are colonised by a high diversity of corals, especially acroporids. Within these areas, Coral Reef CPR identified more than 30 species of Acropora that survived the 2016 bleaching event. These environments tend to have lower visibility, which may explain why they provided a refuge from bleaching.
Baa atoll house reef with good coral cover despite being less than one metre deep.
In all reef environments, the team found much higher survivorship of corals on reef slopes. In many cases, the steep part of the slope was littered with hundreds of broken Acropora branches, fragments that had been detached from larger colonies on the top of the reef and carried down the slope. The base of these reefs contained larger, intact, branching, digitate (finger-like) and table acroporids in good condition.
Remarkably, the studied sites had unusually high numbers of coral recruits and one to two-year-old juvenile corals that had resisted bleaching. These included most of the acroporids and other species that sustained very high mortality during the 2016 bleaching event. Dr Bruckner notes that the presence of these corals provides evidence that coral reefs in the Maldives are still very resilient and are likely to recover quite quickly.
“Reading some of the recent negative reports from the Maldives highlights some of the gaps in understanding, variations between reef survey techniques and importance of evaluating a large number of reefs and not drawing conclusions from a small sample size,” reports Dr Buckner.
“This is particularly important as the geological foundation of the islands and reef systems of the Maldives does not permit small sample sets of data to be extrapolated for the whole country.”
Photographed in August 2017, this several centuries old Porites shows 100 percent live coral.
The Maldives contains a large number of reefs which are distant from populated areas. However, there is a great deal of concern regarding environmental degradation associated with a recent “building boom” around the islands. The team also found that other reefs, especially those around North Male Atoll and Ari Atoll have been badly damaged by a severe outbreak of Crown of Thorns Starfish (COTS), cushion starfish (Culcita sp.) and coral-eating snails (Drupella sp.). This outbreak of “corallivores” began prior to the bleaching event in 2016 and has continued after the bleaching ended, causing the loss of coral to be misinterpreted, according to Coral Reef CPR.
“During 2017,” writes Dr Bruckner, “a number of other marine biologists told us about reefs that are undergoing bleaching again. However, when we examined these locations, the damage caused by the corallivores was misinterpreted as bleaching and, further, our temperature meters and NOAA satellite data have recorded temperatures that are within the normal range.”
Noting that some observations may have been carried out with non-scientific equipment, he adds that “we strongly discourage the use of recreational diving computers as a measure of accurate water temperature.”
In conclusion, Dr Bruckner writes that “there have been large scale changes to the reef systems throughout the country as a result of the 2016 coral bleaching event, and these have been compounded locally by other human and natural stressors. However, these reefs show multiple signs that indicate they are resilient to these stressors, and in absence of high numbers of corallivores and unsustainable coastal development and other human impacts, they are undergoing rapid recovery.”
Photos: Coral Reef CPR
Immerse yourself in the extraordinary underwater world during Ocean Discovery Week at The Nautilus Maldives, an award-winning ultra-luxury private island hideaway. From 25th to 31st July 2025, this week-long summer experience invites guests to explore the vibrant marine biodiversity of the Baa Atoll UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. More than just a luxury escape, Ocean Discovery Week is an annual celebration of the ocean’s wonders, offering a profound connection to its delicate ecosystems and fostering a deeper commitment to marine conservation.
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Partnering with Acclaimed Underwater Photographer Simon Lorenz
This year, The Nautilus is thrilled to welcome renowned underwater photographer Simon Lorenz to enrich the Ocean Discovery Week experience. An award-winning marine photographer, speaker, and writer, Simon’s work has graced the covers of leading nature publications worldwide. Beyond aesthetics, his photography serves as a compelling voice for marine conservation.
As a PADI instructor and photo coach, Simon is passionate about guiding divers and photographers in refining their skills. His curated dive expeditions blend rare underwater encounters with hands-on photography training. Simon’s impressive portfolio includes collaborations with CNN, BBC, NatGeo, and marine NGOs such as WWF, the UN, and The Nature Conservancy. A dedicated advocate for shark conservation, he serves on the advisory board of the Hong Kong Shark Foundation, actively fighting for their protection.
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An Ocean-Inspired Celebration Awaits
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Tennis aficionados, take note. This spring, Four Seasons Resort Maldives at Kuda Huraa is serving up a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to train with the legendary Nikolay Davydenko.
From April 14 to 21, 2025, the former World #3 will host two exclusive complimentary masterclasses and offer five coveted private lessons at the luxury resort. Share the passion and technical expertise that helped Davydenko achieve World #3 ranking and secure 21 ATP titles during this tantalisingly rare chance to learn from a globally sought-after champion.
Known for his speed, precision and tactical acumen, Davydenko is widely regarded as one of the most skilled players of his generation. He won the prestigious ATP World Tour Finals in 2009, claimed three ATP Masters Series and played a pivotal role in Russia’s 2006 Davis Cup victory. His career achievements and relentless playing style continue to earned him renown as one of the sport’s top performers.
Serving Up World-Class Coaching
Davydenko’s exhilarating tuition at Kuda Huraa will include unprecedented access to two complimentary group masterclasses – one for adults and one for children. In addition, a total of just five private paid lessons will be available on request on a first come, first served basis.
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Private one-hour lessons offer a unique chance to receive world-class coaching from a tennis legend at an exclusive rate. Each bespoke one-to-one session will focus on enhancing on-court strategy and mastering new techniques under Davydenko’s expert guidance.
Set to Thrill
Coaching takes place on the resort’s oceanfront Island Tennis Court, accessible from the main jetty via a minute’s sail in a traditional dhoni boat. Four Seasons Resort Maldives at Kuda Huraa will also host Davydenko for the week in its enchanting garden village setting, awarded a fourth consecutive Forbes Five-Star rating in 2024.
Davydenko’s tuition is part of an elite coaching program at Kuda Huraa’s Tennis Academy, launched in 2023 in partnership with RTC Alliance. The Academy offers year-round tuition and exclusive residencies by tennis legends including former World #1 and four-time Grand Slam champion Ekaterina Makarova.
Le Méridien Maldives Resort & Spa has unveiled a state-of-the-art padel court, further enhancing its recreational offerings. Situated amidst the lush greenery of the resort’s picturesque landscape, the new facility allows guests to engage in one of the world’s fastest-growing sports while embracing the island’s natural beauty. Designed for both fitness enthusiasts and those seeking leisurely fun, the court provides an opportunity to blend activity with relaxation in a stunning tropical setting.
Padel, a fast-paced sport that combines elements of tennis and squash, has gained global popularity, attracting over 30 million players worldwide. Recognised for its dynamic and social nature, the sport is played on a smaller enclosed court, incorporating walls for strategic rebounds. As a low-impact activity, it is engaging and easy to learn, making it accessible to players of all ages and skill levels. Its inclusive environment fosters friendly competition and casual play, making it an ideal choice for social interaction and recreation.
Set against the backdrop of crystal-clear waters and swaying palm trees, the resort’s new padel court has been thoughtfully designed to harmonise with the island’s natural surroundings. The facility offers an inviting space where guests can unwind, connect, and embrace an active lifestyle. Whether playing a match, bonding with family, or discovering a new passion, visitors can enjoy a unique sporting experience. With this addition, Le Méridien Maldives further strengthens its reputation as a premier destination for wellness, leisure, and relaxation, providing guests with an opportunity to truly savour the good life in a tropical paradise.
According to Thomas Schult, General Manager of Le Méridien Maldives Resort & Spa, the resort aims to offer a curated selection of experiences that inspire both relaxation and creativity. He emphasised that the introduction of the padel court reflects a commitment to providing diverse recreational activities catering to all guests. By fostering an environment that encourages connection, rejuvenation, and a healthy lifestyle, the resort continues to enhance its appeal as an idyllic island retreat. Schult expressed anticipation in witnessing guests come together to create lasting memories on the court.
The padel court is accessible to all guests, with premium equipment provided on-site. Additionally, professional coaching sessions are available for those looking to refine their skills. Located on the scenic Thilamaafushi Island in Lhaviyani Atoll, Le Méridien Maldives Resort & Spa features 134 elegantly designed beach and overwater villas. These accommodations range from intimate one-bedroom retreats to spacious two-bedroom villas, making them suitable for couples, families, and groups seeking the ultimate escape. The resort seamlessly blends chic, eco-conscious living with timeless European elegance, offering an idyllic sanctuary for travellers in search of both relaxation and adventure.
Guests can rejuvenate at the Waves Lifestyle Hub, explore the vibrant marine ecosystem at the house reef and dive centre, or participate in a variety of complimentary non-motorised water-sports. A fully equipped fitness centre with weekly classes further promotes a healthy, active lifestyle. With the introduction of the padel court, Le Méridien Maldives continues to set new standards for extraordinary island getaways, offering an unparalleled experience in a breathtaking setting.
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